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Russian patronage to unrecognized states since the annexation of Crimea: A cross case study of the Republic of Abkhazia and the PMR
Koelle, Heidi ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
This Master's thesis focuses on the relationship of the Russian Federation with Post Soviet De Facto States since the annexation of Crimea in 2014. The purpose is to give a cross-case comparison of factors of the two cases:the PMR and Abkhazia. Both of the case studies have their unique sets of challenges and common obstacles towards their respective state-building. The central focus and aim will be to examine any key developments in their relationships with the Russian Federation since 2014. Russia's role as a patron state and their soft power tactics towards their compatriots will also be examined in this study.Various concepts ofthe patron state relationship are going to be point of focus as well. The issue of whether or not the patron state hinders or helps de facto states in their state- building comes into question.Key words: De facto state,PMR, Abhazia, State Patronage
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Russian patronage to unrecognized states since the annexation of Crimea: A cross case study of the Republic of Abkhazia and the PMR
Koelle, Heidi ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Abstract: This master's thesis focuses on the obstacles of state building for the defacto states Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ( Tranistria) and the Republic of Abkhazia. Both of which are break-away states from former soviet republics: Moldova and Georgia. The purpose is to give a cross country comparison of factors which hinder state building. Both states have their unique sets of challenges to integrating into a fully recognized state yet share many of the same obstacles. The factors that will be analyzed are relations to their Patron states; The Russian Federation and how this patron state contributes to these de facto states inability to democratize and gain outside recognition with other member state. These challenges for integration as full dejure states and participation within international institutions are a result of ethnic tension, corruption, authorities and complete dependence on Russia as a parent state. The other factors that will be analyzed is the Foreign policy of the Russian within its near abroad and their soft power tactics towards their compatriots.
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Georgian-Russian relations in the period 2004-2011 The struggle for the Georgian Independence
Achvlediani, Ketevan ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
This master thesis deals with the mapping and analysis of Russian-Georgian relations in the period between 2004-2011. It focuses primarily on the development of relations after the onset of the new Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili and after his transformation of Georgian Policy. The work is divided into chronological historical axis of events, from the history of Georgia and Georgian people, the author gets to the problems of August war in 2008. The main objective of this work is to find the causes of the war between Russia and Georgia, to map out its long-standing hostile relations and try to find its solutions. Starting point of this work is the assumption that Georgia and Russia have always been nations culturally very similar and therefore its friendly relations are essential for the regulation of conflicts on Georgia's borders. Russia as a powerful neighbor, has always had a superiority over Georgia. Therefore, in subsequent chapters is enhanced the need for intervention by international organizations such as NATO, OSCE, EU, etc. issues in Russian-Georgian conflict, in order to offset the forces of power on both sides. In the last chapters the thesis deals with the intervention of the international community, whether their pressure on Russia will be still intense and if in the future...
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The European Union and the unrecognized states in Georgia
Kasalová, Michaela ; Najšlová, Lucia (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This thesis considers the role of the European Union in dealing with the problem of unrecognized states on the territory of Georgia. The aim of the thesis is to find out which tools the EU employs in solving this problem. Unrecognized states are rejected as partners of the international community, thus they lack the basis for entering international relations, the external sovereignty. Nevertheless, this doesn't prevent them from functioning internally and offering their citizens functions similar to ordinary sovereign states. Since the unrecognized states in Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, are considered parts of Georgia, this thesis will also examine how the EU employs its tools in Georgia and in the unrecognized entities and the influence of the non-recognition of these states on the engagement of the EU in them. Abkhazia and South Ossetia were created shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the following ethnopolitical conflicts in the South Caucasus. Since then, the unrecognized states have developed and built a national identity which is opposed to the former central state, Georgia. They have become seemingly independent, however, their existence is dependent on several factors, most importantly, the presence of an external patron, in this case Russia. The engagement of the...
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International regulation of de facto states
Řeháčková, Diana ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
Over the course of history, the organisation of human societies has gone through several evolutionary stages. Their peak, primarily in Europe, took the form of states as polities structured around an ethnical basis-nation states. In many cases, their rise and downfall could be rather violent which led to growing social instability. Therefore, international communities began looking for mechanisms to regulate these processes. From the perspective of international law, it was necessary mainly to define the term state and codify the requirements an entity had to meet in order to be considered one. The Montevideo Convention established an elementary quartet, necessitating the presence of a population, territory, executive power and the ability to fully participate in international relationships, i.e. possess external sovereignty. These four aspects, however, still did not entirely suffice which is why secondary requirements kept being inconsistently added, addressing primarily the entity's inner character and its attitude to, for example, upholding universal human rights or minority rights. Nonetheless, simply meeting the above-mentioned criteria is not enough to establish a fully functioning state. In the modern world, it is essentially impossible for a new state to be created without infringing on...
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The peacekeeping partnership between the UN and a regional organisation: case of cooperation between UN peacekeeping operation UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping operation CISPKF
Fošumpaurová, Anna ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
Bachelor thesis The peacekeeping partnership between the UN and a regional organisation: case of cooperation between UN peacekeeping operation UNOMIG and CIS peacekeeping operation CISPKF Anna Fošumpaurová Abstract The thesis deals with the United Nations' peacekeeping operations. Particular focus is dedicated to cooperation between the UN and regional organisations and what potential benefits and limitations this cooperation offers to peacekeeping. The case study aims to describe the cooperation between in parallel deployed operations of the United Nations (UNOMIG) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CISPKF) in Georgia, Abkhazia. The chronological span of the thesis is between the August 1993 and June 2009, when UN operation UNOMIG was active. The thesis firstly provides the theoretical framework of UN peacekeeping. This part lays out the legal basis for the deployment of peacekeeping operations, investigates different ways of understanding peacekeeping and its classifications, its basic principles as well as wider processes that influenced peacekeeping's nature after the end of the Cold War, including the increased participation of regional organisations. This theoretical framework serves to explain the cooperation between the UN and the CIS in peacekeeping conducted in the environment of the...
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The perpetuation of Frozen Conflicts by De Facto States to gain International Recognition: Case Studies of Transnistria and Somaliland.
Rochambeau, Mathieu ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis has for major aim to present the de facto state through another approach, by placing their intrinsic frozen conflict situation as a rational choice rather than a symptom of the lack of recognition. To do so, the case studies of Transnistria and Somaliland have been chosen since, the de facto state's academic field had, so far, focus more on the Caucasus' cases - therefore lack of similar comparisons. It appears indeed that, both these cases possess numerous similarities - such as not basing their identity on ethnicity or religion. Thus, through an empirical research, it has been possible to approach the establishment of these two de facto states and the reason behind the lack of international recognition; but also the role and influence of the frozen conflict within their internal evolution as well as their role in its perpetuation; and finally, the place of their parent state and the international community in the continuation of the status quo. It seems thus that, if it remains unlikely to find out if Somaliland and Transnistria do use the frozen conflict as a political tool to reach their political goals - namely international recognition but also identity building -, it appears that all actors involved in these conflicts do benefit from the perpetuation of such status quo.
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Third parties' role in the frozen conflicts of the South Caucasus. The Cases of Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
Ganjaliyeva, Farahkhanim ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
The thesis aims to discuss effectiveness of the international conflict resolution in the region of the South Caucasus, analyzing the challenges to international efforts to solve the three conflict cases: the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh is among the frozen disputes in the region, the others Abkhazia and the South Ossetia are nominally independent states, however de facto occupied by Russia. It is the fact that three regional players Russia, Turkey and Iran and global players Russia, US, EU have different type of impacts to conflict settlements in the region which directly relate to their political and economic interests. Therefore, after two decades of mediation by powerful states provided no final resolution with numerous attempts at mediation, wherein the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) has taken the lead. The complicated and interdepended relations of states make this region highly sensitive area for war and peace in the world theatrical chessboard. Author also analyzes the effectiveness of conflict management between the parties by focusing on conflicts in the South Caucasus region mentioning their historical, political, security and ethnic dimensions, where international organizations, namely OSCE, UN, EU involve.
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Russian patronage to unrecognized states since the annexation of Crimea: A cross case study of the Republic of Abkhazia and the PMR
Koelle, Heidi ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Abstract: This master's thesis focuses on the obstacles of state building for the defacto states Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ( Tranistria) and the Republic of Abkhazia. Both of which are break-away states from former soviet republics: Moldova and Georgia. The purpose is to give a cross country comparison of factors which hinder state building. Both states have their unique sets of challenges to integrating into a fully recognized state yet share many of the same obstacles. The factors that will be analyzed are relations to their Patron states; The Russian Federation and how this patron state contributes to these de facto states inability to democratize and gain outside recognition with other member state. These challenges for integration as full dejure states and participation within international institutions are a result of ethnic tension, corruption, authorities and complete dependence on Russia as a parent state. The other factors that will be analyzed is the Foreign policy of the Russian within its near abroad and their soft power tactics towards their compatriots.
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